Mathematics for AI and Machine Learning

Foundations for modern AI and machine learning

Geometric Preservation

Chapter 3 Geometry & transforms

Chapter 3: Subspaces and Orthogonality — Length, Angle,& Inner-Product Preservation

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Geometric Preservation — high-resolution mind-map icon

From the book

Chapter 3: Subspaces and Orthogonality. In the chapter mind map this icon labels Length, Angle,& Inner-Product Preservation. The discussion below is excerpted and lightly edited from § Theorem: Inner-Product Preservation in Mathematics for AI and Machine Learning.

If $A\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$ is real-valued orthonormal, then for any $\mathbf x,\mathbf y\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times 1}$,

What this drawing shows

What you see. Represents transformations that preserve selected structure such as length, angle, area, or inner products.

In the mind map. Chapter 3 — Length, Angle,& Inner-Product Preservation. See From the book above for definitions, figures, and worked examples.

Where to read next

Open Chapter 3 companion →

Read the full definitions, figures, and worked examples in Chapter 3: Subspaces and Orthogonality — see the mind-map node Length, Angle,& Inner-Product Preservation.