Mathematics for AI and Machine Learning

Foundations for modern AI and machine learning

Euler vs Bilinear Discretization

Chapter 20 Dynamics & diffusion

Chapter 20: ODE, SDE, and Continuous Limits of Algorithms — Euler and Bilinear (Tustin) Discretization

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Euler vs Bilinear Discretization — animated GIF preview
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Euler vs Bilinear Discretization — high-resolution mind-map icon

From the book

Chapter 20: ODE, SDE, and Continuous Limits of Algorithms. In the chapter mind map this icon labels Euler and Bilinear (Tustin) Discretization. The discussion below is excerpted and lightly edited from § Euler and Bilinear (Tustin) Discretization in Mathematics for AI and Machine Learning.

  • Second-order accurate
  • Maps stable continuous systems to stable discrete systems (stability-preserving)
  • Maps imaginary axis to unit circle exactly
  • Requires matrix inverse (one-time computation)

What this drawing shows

What you see. Red forward-Euler points fade as the green bilinear (Tustin) discretization builds point by point along the reference decay.

In the mind map. Chapter 20 — Euler and Bilinear (Tustin) Discretization. See From the book above for definitions, figures, and worked examples.

Where to read next

Open Chapter 20 companion →

Read the full definitions, figures, and worked examples in Chapter 20: ODE, SDE, and Continuous Limits of Algorithms — see the mind-map node Euler and Bilinear (Tustin) Discretization.